http://startrobotics.blogspot.com.co/2013/05/how-to-use-ir-led-and-photodiode-with-arduino.html

How to Use IR LED and Photodiode with Arduino

In this post I am going to show you how to use and program IR LED and Photodiode pair with Arduino to detect obstacles in a short range. Before going to do the project let us have a brief look at the IR LED and Photodiode.

IR LED:

IR LED means Infrared Light Emitting Diode. The IR LED emits Infrared light which is not visible to human eye. we can find these IR LED's in our TV Remotes. IR LED's works like normal LED's but the material used in the core is different, it emits Infrared Light when current passed through it. These IR LED are used to detect obstacles ahead of the robot. The IR LED emits IR light which gets reflected if any obstacle is present in the direction of emitted IR ray, the reflected IR ray caught by Photodiode which calculates the reflected light strength. The higher the reflected IR
ray strength, the closer is the obstacle and vice-verse

Photodiode:

Photodiode is a light sensitive semi-conductor diode which converts the light energy into voltage or current based on the mode of operation. In general Photodiodes are operated in reverse bias condition. The clear Photodiode can detect visible and IR rays to limit the Photodiode to detect only IR rays a black cotting is applied to the glass of the Photodiode. The photodiode allows the current to pass through it if the photodiode is exposed to IR rays and it doesn't allow current to pass through it if no IR rays falls on it. The amount of current passed through the photodiode is directly proportional to amount of IR rays falls on it.

IR LED and Photodiode Project:

In this project I am going to show you How to use the IR LED and Photodiode pair to detect the obstacle in-fornt of it. I am going to program the Arduino such that, If an obstacle is present before the IR LED and Photodiode pair with in the threshold range then a buzzer will ring.

Materials required:

1) Arduino 2) IR LED 3) Piezo buzzer 4) some Wires.

Circuit diagram:

How circuit works:

In the above circuit the Photodiode is operated in Reverse bias condition i.e., the long leg of photodiode goes to ground and the short leg is connected to 5 Volts supply through 3 K ohms resistor. When the photodiode detects IR rays from the IR LED which is reflected by an obstacle the photodiode conducts then, the current goes to the ground through the photodiode so, the current to the analog pin A0 of Arduino is low so that, we will get low values (around 500) from the analog pin A0 of arduino. In case of no IR rays falls on the photodiode the photodiode doesn't conduct so the current from the digital pin 2 goes to analog pin A0 through the 3 K ohms resister so, the readings from the analog pin A0 of Arduino will be around 900.

Program :

int pd=2; //Photodiode to digital pin 2

 int buzz=13;                   //piezo buzzer to digital pin 13  
 int senRead=0;                 //Readings from sensor to analog pin 0  
 int limit=850;                 //Threshold range of an obstacle  
 void setup()    
 {  
  pinMode(pd,OUTPUT);  
  pinMode(buzz,OUTPUT);  
  digitalWrite(pd,HIGH);       //supply 5 volts to photodiode  
  digitalWrite(buzz,LOW);      //set the buzzer in off mode (initial condition)  
  Serial.begin(9600);          //setting serial monitor at a default baund rate of 9600  
 }  
 void loop()  
 {  
  int val=analogRead(senRead);  //variable to store values from the photodiode  
  Serial.println(val);          // prints the values from the sensor in serial monitor  
  if(val <= limit)              //If obstacle is nearer than the Threshold range  
  {  
   digitalWrite(buzz,HIGH);     // Buzzer will be in ON state  
   delay(20);  
  }  
  else if(val > limit)          //If obstacle is not in Threshold range  
  {  
   digitalWrite(buzz,LOW);      //Buzzer will be in OFF state  
   delay(20);  
  }  
 }

How program works:

The program starts with Initializing variables photodiode 'pd' with digital pin 2, buzzer 'buzz' with digital pin 13, sensor readings 'senRead' to analog pin 0 and the limit variable is set to 500 (reading from the sensor). In the 'void setup()' method the pin mode is definde with the function 'pinMode(variable,OUTPUT/INPUT)'. In the 'void loop()' method the 'val' variable stores the readings from the sensor. The 'Serial.println(val);' method is used to print the values from the sensor to the serial monitor. I had used an if - else ladder to set the buzzer in ON state when the obstacle is in the Threshold range otherwise the Buzzer will be in OFF state.

If you have any trouble related to this post then, express it in the comment box below.

http://henrysbench.capnfatz.com/henrys-bench/arduino-sensors-and-input/arduino-ir-obstacle-sensor-tutorial-and-manual/

Arduino IR Obstacle Sensor: Tutorial and Manual

Contents [show]

Arduino Infrared Collision Avoidance

This is yet another one of those modules with cool possibilities. You could for example, sound an alarm when something got too close or you could change the direction of a robot or vehicle.
The device consists of an Infrared Transmitter, an Infrared Detector, and support circuitry. It only requires three connections. When it detects an obstacle within range it will send an output low.

How to Purchase

There are several different styles of these modules available. If this particular one suits your needs, you can purchase one from the sellers below:

IC Station

eBay

Amazon

IR Obstacle Detection Module Pin Outs

The drawing and table below identify the function of module pin outs, controls and indicators.

Arduino IR Collision Detection Module Pin Outs

Pin, Control Indicator	Description
Vcc	3.3 to 5 Vdc Supply Input
Gnd	Ground Input
Out	Output that goes low when obstacle is in range
Power LED	Illuminates when power is applied
Obstacle LED	Illuminates when obstacle is detected
Distance Adjust	Adjust detection distance. CCW decreases distance. CW increases distance.
IR Emitter	Infrared emitter LED
IR Receiver	Infrared receiver that receives signal transmitted by Infrared emitter.

Arduino IR Obstacle Collision Module Tutorial

Connect the Arduino to the Detection Module

Use the picture below. It only requires three wires.

Copy, Paste and Upload the Sample Sketch

// IR Obstacle Collision Detection Module
// Henry's Bench

int LED = 13; // Use the onboard Uno LED
int isObstaclePin = 7;  // This is our input pin
int isObstacle = HIGH;  // HIGH MEANS NO OBSTACLE

void setup() {
  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(isObstaclePin, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  
}

void loop() {
  isObstacle = digitalRead(isObstaclePin);
  if (isObstacle == LOW)
  {
    Serial.println("OBSTACLE!!, OBSTACLE!!");
    digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.println("clear");
    digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
  }
  delay(200);
}

Test the Tutorial Sketch

Move your hand towards the IR LEDs. As you near them, the Output LED on the module and the LED for pin 13 on your Arduino will illuminate. Open your serial monitor and vary the distance of your hand while viewing the serial monitor. The output should look like the picture below:

IR Obstacle Detection Module Arduino Tutorial Output

https://tkkrlab.nl/wiki/Arduino_KY-005_Infrared_emission_sensor_module

Arduino KY-005 Infrared emission sensor module

WARNING this page is a copy/past of a bad google translation so it might contain errors. If you see a error help us to make it better and log in and change it. Big thanks!

Buy on deal extreme sensor or kit

Infrared transmitter module

This is their specific physical map
This time we want to introduce infrared transmitter and receiver modules, in fact, they are now in our daily life. They play an important role in lots of household appliances and are used in devices such as air conditioning, TV, DVD, etc., It is based on wireless sensing, but also can be a remote control, very easy to use.

Products

Infrared emitter converts electrical energy into near-infrared light. It is also known as infrared emitting diode. Its structure is similar with a general light emitting diode, but made of a different semiconductor material.
The infrared receiver is set to receive, amplify, and demodulate the near-infrared light into a digital signal.

The principle of infrared communication Let's look at the structure of the infrared receiver: there are two important elements insaide an infrared receiver, named the IC and PD. IC is the receiver processing element, mainly composed of silicon crystals and circuits, is a highly integrated device, its main function is to filter, shape, decode. Photodiode PD's main function is to receive the optical signal Number.

The following is a brief schematic work The modulated infrared emitting diode emittes a signal, infrared receiver, after receiving decodes, filteres, and a series of operations.

Raspberry Pi experiment

https://raspberrypicar.wordpress.com/

Notes

Infrared emitting diodes:

parameters during operation must not exceed limit values positive To current: 30 ~ 60 mA Pulse Forward Current: 0.3 ~ 1 A reverse voltage: 5 V power dissipation: 90 mW working temperature Range: -25 ~ +80 ℃ storage temperature range: -40 ~ +100 ℃ soldering temperature:260℃

infrared emission tube and then Closed head should be paired with, otherwise it will affect the sensitivity;

Infrared receiver:

Storage and use: in a low humidity environment Please pay attention to protect the infrared receiver receiving surface Contamination or wear will affect reception, and do not touch the surface Do not wash this; polluting gas or salty environment may affect the quality of reception.

Use

We first look at the diagram, to understand the infrared transmitter and receiver module specific connection with the Arduino Note: The above circuit is based on our above that kind protel schematic structures, and meet the specific pin assignment Shown in the schematic. Well, the test circuit there, look at the code under test right now This time we use to two Arduino control board, a main transmitter (Master), one as a slave receiver (Slave), Own specific set. We can according to the above schematic wiring and fixed infrared transmitter and receiver modules, here I We can work together to test it.

Hardware Requirements

Arduino controller × 1
USB data cable × 1
the infrared transmitter module × 1
the infrared receiver module × 1

Here follow the above means to build our test circuit Well, the whole test code is not long, we understand the code for those specific function of usage, then a Cut will become simpler, Come. Another point I must say is: we see the physical map will know, this used a two Arduino Board, the above code in the download time do to make it clear which is the launch, which was received? The program also Have noted, if the download is wrong, is not getting the results! Code download is complete, we open the Serial Monitor window, if you can see the following data show that It shows you are successful, ^ _ ^ From the receiving part of the code

Example Code

# Include <IRremote.h>
int RECV_PIN = 11; // define input pin on Arduino
IRrecv irrecv (RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;
void setup ()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
irrecv.enableIRIn (); // Start the receiver
}
void loop () {
if (irrecv.decode (& results)) {
Serial.println (results.value, HEX);
irrecv.resume (); // Receive the next value
}
}
Main emission part of the code:
# Include <IRremote.h>
IRsend irsend;
void setup ()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
}
void loop () {
for (int i = 0; i <50; i + +) {
irsend.sendSony (0xa90, 12); // Sony TV power code
delay (40);
}
}

The amount of points we can hand to block receiver module, see also the normal communication between them do? The following is the receive window Ah, looked at the window, and we all know it. . . . .

Conclusion

The reason why we feel that infrared is really a wonderful thing, it is because we are invisible, intangible, but Okay, we do not need that, too, can control it and make it serve us, in fact, we are more magical, Is not? Oh. . . . . . Well, today's introduction on to this, and if you are interested you can contact us, thank you!

Diseño Electrónico

sábado, 11 de marzo de 2017

Infrarred IR LED and Photodiode with Arduino